Application of VR technology in standardized residency training for endoscopic procedures in otorhinolaryngology

To investigate the pedagogical efficacy of virtual reality (VR)-assisted training in the standardized education of otorhinolaryngology residents performing endoscopic procedures.

Otorhinolaryngology residents were enrolled from Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, between January and November 2024. They were randomly divided into two groups: (1) a model simulation (MS) training group utilizing plastic models and electronic nasopharyngoscopes; (2) a VR-based training group integrating theoretical instruction with immersive three-dimensional (3D) virtual simulation for both practice and assessment. Upon completion of the training modules, trainees were evaluated through a standardized knowledge examination, objective structured assessments of endoscopic skills, and satisfaction surveys. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 29.0, employing independent-samples t-tests and chi-square tests where appropriate.

A total of 46 resident physicians were enrolled in the present study, including 24 residents allocated to the VR training group and 22 residents assigned to the MS training group. The VR-based training group exhibited better performance in standardized knowledge examination [(74.45 ± 2.55) points vs. (67.38 ± 5.95) points, P < 0.001] and objective structured assessments of endoscopic skills [(11.14 ± 2.05) points vs. (9.29 ± 1.73) points, P = 0.001], compared with the traditional and simulation groups. Additionally, the overall percentage of satisfaction with the training modality was higher in the VR group (66.83% vs.61.33%).

VR-based training enhances cognitive acquisition and technical proficiency in endoscopic procedures among otorhinolaryngology residents. This approach also contributes to greater training satisfaction and self-efficacy in independently conducting endoscopic examinations.