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Metabolomic Analysis of Rat Brain by High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Tissue Extracts
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Published on: September 21, 2014

In Vivo Metabolic Profiling of Equisetum debile Roxb. in Rats Based on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Chunyan Zhu1, Yuexin Yang1, Bahriman Xarpidin1

  • 1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Biomedical Chromatography : BMC
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study characterizes the in vivo metabolic profile of Equisetum debile (E. debile) in rats. Key findings reveal abundant organic acids and flavonoids, with insights into their metabolism and excretion for potential clinical applications.

Keywords:
Equisetum debile RoxbADMEUPLC‐HRMS/MSpharmacokinetic

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Equisetum debile (E. debile) is a traditional Chinese herb with known diuretic, heat-clearing, and analgesic properties.
  • Previous research suggests lipid-regulating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, but its in vivo metabolic profile and active constituents are not well-defined.
  • Insufficient characterization limits the clinical application of E. debile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically characterize the chemical constituents of E. debile.
  • To investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of E. debile constituents in rats.
  • To identify key bioactive constituents and their metabolic transformations.

Main Methods:

  • Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS).
  • Advanced high-resolution mass spectrometry data processing.
  • In vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats.

Main Results:

  • E. debile contains abundant organic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, and glycosides.
  • Organic acids and flavonoid glycosides showed high systemic exposure in vivo.
  • Metabolic pathways include oxidation, methylation, glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation, decarboxylation, and sulfation.
  • Enterohepatic circulation was indicated by bile accumulation of several metabolites.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of in vivo-exposed constituents and metabolic transformations of E. debile in rats.
  • Identified key bioactive constituents (organic acids, flavonoid glycosides) and their metabolic fates.
  • Offers critical insights for pharmacokinetic evaluation, mechanism of action studies, and clinical application of E. debile.