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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Correlation Analysis Between Immune Status and Bronchoscopic Airway Findings in Various Ages of SMPP Children

Peng Li1, Ruiyang Sun1, Jiapu Hou1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China, zzusah.com.

Canadian Respiratory Journal
|June 4, 2026
PubMed

Insights

In children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP), specific immune markers like IgM, IgA, and FIB correlate with airway mucosal damage. These markers may indicate disease severity and extent of respiratory tract injury.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric airway infections, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP), are common.
  • Understanding the relationship between immune responses and airway pathology is crucial for managing pediatric respiratory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between immune markers and airway mucosal changes in children with SMPP, adjusting for age.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for disease severity and mucosal damage in pediatric SMPP.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 302 children with SMPP and 133 controls (GMPP) aged from infancy to school age.
  • Age-stratified analysis and Pearson correlation to assess relationships between immune markers (IgM, IgA, FIB, NLR, AGR, D-D) and airway findings (mucosal erosion, mucous plug blockage).

Main Results:

  • School-aged children with SMPP showed higher rates of mucosal erosion and mucous plug blockage compared to younger age groups.
  • Positive correlations were found between IgM, IgA, FIB, NLR, D-D and measures of airway damage.
  • AGR showed a negative correlation with mucosal erosion and mucous plug plugging.

Conclusions:

  • Immune markers including Immunoglobulin M (IgM), Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio (AGR), Fibrinogen (FIB), and D-dimer (D-D) are potential indicators of disease severity in SMPP.
  • These markers may reflect the degree of airway mucosal damage in preschool and school-aged children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchoalveolar lavageimmunoglobulinmucosal erosionsevere Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

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