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Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

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Published on: May 3, 2011

A Compact Photoacoustic Sensing Probe using Surface-Micromachined Optical Ultrasound Transducer (SMOUT).

Cheng Fang¹, Xuan Li¹, Borui Li¹

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

IEEE Sensors Journal

|June 4, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a novel compact photoacoustic (PA) sensing probe utilizing a surface-micromachined optical ultrasound transducer (SMOUT). The SMOUT probe offers high sensitivity and optical uniformity, enabling versatile PA sensing and imaging applications.

Keywords:

Photoacoustic sensing full optical probe optical fiber surface-micromachined optical ultrasound transducer (SMOUT)

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Optical Sensing
Acoustic Transduction

Background:

Photoacoustic (PA) sensing offers non-invasive imaging capabilities.
Existing PA probes can be bulky and complex, limiting their applications.
Development of compact and sensitive PA probes is crucial for advanced biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize an innovative compact photoacoustic (PA) sensing probe.
To leverage a surface-micromachined optical ultrasound transducer (SMOUT) for enhanced PA sensing.
To demonstrate the probe's capability for detecting targets within biological tissue.

Main Methods:

Design and fabrication of a PA sensing probe incorporating a SMOUT.
Utilizing a single optical fiber for both excitation light delivery and ultrasound reception.
Experimental characterization using red-dye solutions and embedded targets in biological tissue.

Main Results:

The SMOUT-based probe demonstrated excellent optical transparency and acoustic sensitivity.
Successful detection of varying concentrations of red-dye solutions and embedded targets.
Validation of probe performance through experimental characterization.

Conclusions:

The developed compact PA sensing probe based on SMOUT shows significant potential for PA sensing.
The probe's mass-producible nature allows for array formation for imaging applications.
This technology advances the development of sensitive and versatile PA sensing systems.