First-year emotional health after liver transplantation: a prospective cohort study

Liver transplantation profoundly influences a patient's health and quality of life, closely tied to their ability to adapt to post-transplant. This study analyzed anxiety, depression, and emotional-behavioral changes during the first-year post-transplant through an exploratory cohort study conducted from December 2019 to February 2022. Data were collected on sociodemographic and clinical factors, the Transplant Effects Questionnaire, and anxiety/depression variables. Seventy-six patients were enrolled (mean age: 55.96 years, 69.7% male). Sixty-eight participants completed all study time points and were included in the repeated-measures longitudinal analyses. Findings showed a significant reduction in worry and responsibility over time, with minor improvements in disclosure. Guilt and adherence remained stable. Anxiety and depression were correlated with worry and disclosure, affecting mental health during the recovery period. The transplantation process is complex and dynamic, highlighting the importance of promoting adherence to immunosuppression treatment for long-term survival. Addressing anxiety and depression through tailored interventions that encourage better care practices, reduce guilt, and enhance disclosure can significantly improve adherence and mental health outcomes. Nurses play a critical role in implementing holistic interventions, fostering patient well-being, and supporting their life post-transplant.