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Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
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Addiction-Like Severity Predicts Prolonged Oxycodone Withdrawal-Induced Allodynia in Genetically Diverse Rats.

Sonja L Plasil1, Lani Tieu1, Chengjia Qian1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Opioid withdrawal causes prolonged pain sensitivity, or allodynia. Rats with higher addiction-like behaviors showed more severe and longer-lasting allodynia during withdrawal.

Keywords:
OxycodoneVon Freyallodyniaintravenous self-administrationmechanical pain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Opioid withdrawal is linked to increased pain sensitivity, including allodynia.
  • The connection between withdrawal-induced allodynia severity and addiction-like behaviors is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between addiction-like behaviors and the severity/duration of opioid withdrawal-induced allodynia in rats.

Main Methods:

  • Rats underwent long-access oxycodone self-administration.
  • Mechanical sensitivity was measured during three weeks of abstinence.
  • Rats were stratified using an Addiction Index based on intake, motivation, tolerance, and withdrawal pain.

Main Results:

  • Oxycodone withdrawal induced significant, prolonged allodynia lasting up to three weeks.
  • Rats with a High Addiction Index exhibited more intense and longer-lasting allodynia.
  • Addiction severity, particularly intake escalation and motivation, predicted allodynia severity.

Conclusions:

  • Greater addiction severity is associated with more intense and prolonged withdrawal-induced pain.
  • Mechanical allodynia may serve as a marker for addiction severity.
  • Findings suggest potential targets for clinical interventions for severe abstinence-related pain.