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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Genetic Risk and Resilience for Schizophrenia Stratified by Perinatal Gene Expression Predict Adult Cognitive

Gianluca C Kikidis1,2, Alessandra Raio1, Leonardo Sportelli1,2

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Summary

Schizophrenia (SCZ) genetic risk negatively impacts cognitive abilities like memory and attention from early life. Resilience variants may counteract these effects, highlighting a neurodevelopmental basis for SCZ.

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A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia

Published on: June 15, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Genetic risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with cognitive deficits.
  • Understanding the impact of SCZ genetic variants on cognition across development is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between SCZ polygenic risk and resilience variants and cognitive abilities in children and adults.
  • To examine the role of brain co-expression patterns in linking SCZ genetic variants to cognitive performance.
  • To explore the neurodevelopmental origins of SCZ by analyzing cognitive associations across different life stages.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic data and cognitive performance in 16,520 individuals of European and African ancestry.
  • Examination of SCZ polygenic risk and resilience variants.
  • Utilizing perinatal, juvenile, and adult co-expression networks to filter polygenic scores.
  • Assessing associations with spatial memory, verbal memory, working memory, and attention.

Main Results:

  • SCZ risk variants showed significant negative associations with spatial, verbal, and working memory across ancestries.
  • In Europeans, risk and resilience variants had opposing effects on attention, working memory, and spatial memory.
  • Polygenic scores filtered through perinatal co-expression networks demonstrated stronger links to cognition compared to juvenile or adult networks.
  • Cross-ancestry correlations confirmed the replicability of findings.

Conclusions:

  • SCZ genetic risk influences cognitive abilities from early development, supporting a neurodevelopmental model of the disorder.
  • Both risk and resilience variants play a role in shaping cognitive trajectories.
  • Perinatal co-expression networks may be particularly important for understanding the biological pathways linking SCZ risk to early cognitive development.