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Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Expanding the toolbox: Emerging antisense oligonucleotide mechanisms for modulating gene expression.

Isabella Trew1,2, Steve D Wilton1,2, Jessica M Cale1,2

  • 1Personalised Medicine Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.

Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are versatile therapeutics targeting genetic sequences. Advances enable ASOs to modulate diverse molecular processes, expanding their potential for treating various conditions.

Keywords:
MT: oligonucleotides: therapies and applicationsMicroRNARNase Hantisense oligonucleotidesgapmersmiRNApolyadenylationpre-mRNA splicingpremature termination codonssecondary structuressplice modulationuORFupstream open reading frames

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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Published on: February 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
10:21

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Published on: February 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Medicine
  • RNA Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are established in molecular medicine.
  • Advances in synthesis, chemical modification, and genomic understanding have improved ASO therapeutics.
  • ASOs offer high specificity and tailorability for various conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolution and expanding mechanisms of ASOs in therapeutics.
  • To emphasize the need for a holistic design approach considering molecular mechanisms.
  • To showcase the potential of ASOs in modulating diverse RNA processing events.

Main Methods:

  • Review of decades of research on ASO synthesis and chemical modifications.
  • Analysis of advancements in understanding the human genome and transcriptome.
  • Exploration of emerging research on ASO mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • ASOs have evolved from simple gene expression inhibitors to versatile modulators.
  • Effective ASO design requires a holistic approach considering molecular mechanisms.
  • ASOs can modulate numerous pre-mRNA processing events, including splicing, polyadenylation, microRNA activity, and translation.

Conclusions:

  • The therapeutic potential of ASOs is significantly broader than initially recognized.
  • A deeper understanding of RNA biology continues to expand ASO therapeutic applications.
  • ASO-based therapeutics can benefit a wider range of conditions and patients by targeting diverse molecular processes.