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¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
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The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...

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Geometric phase detection via NMR interferometry.

Sophia N Fricke1, Jeffrey A Reimer2

  • 1Pines Magnetic Resonance Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|June 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new NMR method to detect geometric phase using spin coherence holonomy. This technique offers a practical way to study geometric phase effects in various systems.

Keywords:
Berry phaseGeometric phaseHolonomyNMR interferometryParallel transportSpinor

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Geometric phase, or Berry/Aharonov-Anandan phase, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics.
  • Detecting geometric phase in bulk ensembles using NMR has been challenging.
  • Spin coherence holonomy offers a potential pathway for such measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel benchtop NMR method for detecting geometric phase.
  • To utilize spin coherence holonomy for phase measurement in bulk ensembles.
  • To establish a practical foundation for probing geometric phase effects in NMR.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a benchtop NMR technique using phase-wound echo trains.
  • Employing consecutive π pulses with cyclic phase incrementation to drive spinor trajectories.
  • Utilizing parity-based analysis to isolate geometric phase and cancel dynamical offsets.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated interferometric detection of geometric phase via spin coherence holonomy.
  • Observed a linear increase in extracted phase with echo number and sign reversal upon winding reversal.
  • Confirmed phase independence from echo time in the adiabatic regime.
  • Showcased robustness to B₀ gradients and diffusion in low-field, inhomogeneous conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed NMR method provides a practical approach for measuring geometric phase.
  • The technique is robust and applicable under challenging experimental conditions.
  • This work opens avenues for exploring non-adiabatic transport, heterogeneous systems, and quantum sensing applications.