Applications of polysaccharide hydrogels in wound healing and immune regulation

Wound repair is a significant challenge in modern medicine. The current severe challenges to traditional repair methods can be attributed to an increase in the aging population and the rising incidence of chronic diseases resulting in an increased number of individuals with chronic, difficult-to-heal wounds. Conventional repair materials emphasize physical properties while paying insufficient attention to biological mechanisms, such as immune regulation in wound healing, and fail to meet the demand for efficient and rapid repair. This study proposes, for the first time, a "structure-crosslinking-immunity" tripartite regulatory framework and systematically elucidates how the molecular structure of polysaccharides interacts synergistically with crosslinking chemistry to jointly achieve controllable immunomodulatory effects. By focusing on the immunomodulatory mechanisms and overcoming traditional limitations, this study offers novel solutions for the treatment of chronic wounds. Its applications extend to scar repair and organ appendage regeneration, demonstrating its potential for the precise regulation of inflammation and promotion of angiogenesis. Future research directions include the development of smart materials, exploration of personalized strategies, and advancement of clinical translation. These insights broaden the perspectives of polysaccharide hydrogel wound healing research and provide crucial references for next-generation biomaterial design and applications.