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Related Concept Videos

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...
Principles of Classical Conditioning01:23

Principles of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning, as described by Ivan Pavlov, is a foundational concept in associative learning, where a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a conditioned response through association with an unconditioned stimulus. The process of acquisition, where this learning occurs, and the subsequent phenomena of contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of classical conditioning.
During the...
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Habitat Fragmentation02:31

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

Extending a Matching-Law Based Account of Extinction Bursts to Humans.

Hunter C King1, Rusty W Nall2, John Michael Falligant3

  • 1Oakland University, 456 Pioneer Drive, Rochester, MI 48309 USA.

Perspectives on Behavior Science
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Extinction bursts, a temporary increase in behavior during reinforcement suspension, were evaluated using the Temporally Weighted Matching Law (TWML). The TWML model offered a fair account of general trends but showed limitations in specific conditions.

Keywords:
Alternative reinforcementBurstChallenging behaviorExtinctionMatching law

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

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Published on: August 24, 2012

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

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Published on: February 23, 2015

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
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Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Applied Behavior Analysis

Background:

  • Suspending reinforcement can cause extinction bursts, a temporary increase in response rate, duration, or intensity.
  • Extinction bursts are linked to behavioral choice and reallocation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the generality of Shahan's (2022) quantitative theory of extinction bursts based on the Temporally Weighted Matching Law (TWML).
  • To assess the TWML model's applicability to behavioral data from individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized behavioral data from six individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
  • Applied the Temporally Weighted Matching Law (TWML) model to analyze extinction burst phenomena.

Main Results:

  • The TWML-based model provided a fair account of general trends in human-operant and clinical behavior across varied settings.
  • Model performance was less robust under certain conditions, indicating limitations.

Conclusions:

  • The TWML model offers a potential framework for understanding extinction bursts but requires refinement for diverse settings.
  • Methodological considerations, including convergence settings and parameter estimation, are crucial for applying the TWML model outside laboratory environments.