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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Human Genetics

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Relationship Between Central Sensitization and Genetic Polymorphisms-A Case-Control Study in Fibromyalgia.

Nicolas Macian1, Christian Dualé1,2, Marine Delay1

  • 1Plateforme D'investigation Clinique (Inserm CIC1405), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

European Journal of Pain (London, England)
|June 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated genetic factors in fibromyalgia, finding no direct link between 60 candidate genes and central sensitization (CS). Further research is needed to understand the genetic basis of fibromyalgia and CS.

Keywords:
case–controlfibromyalgiageneticnociception flexion reflexpain

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2026

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
05:53

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome linked to central sensitization (CS).
  • Genetic factors may influence CS and fibromyalgia pathogenesis.
  • This study explored the genetic underpinnings of CS in fibromyalgia patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic determinants of central sensitization (CS) in fibromyalgia.
  • To explore the association between candidate genes and fibromyalgia.
  • To identify potential genetic pathways involved in fibromyalgia pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • 201 women with fibromyalgia and 40 healthy controls were included.
  • Nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) threshold served as a surrogate marker for CS.
  • Genotyping of 60 candidate genes was performed on all participants.

Main Results:

  • NFR threshold was significantly lower in fibromyalgia patients compared to controls (p=0.0003).
  • Initial analysis revealed associations between fibromyalgia and polymorphisms in TNF, TACR1, and IL10 genes.
  • After adjusting for NFR threshold, TACR1, FAAH, HTR1A, and MYT1L showed associations, but these were non-significant after Bonferroni correction.

Conclusions:

  • Central sensitization (CS) is a key feature of fibromyalgia.
  • No significant association was found between the NFR threshold and the 60 selected candidate gene polymorphisms.
  • Findings guide future research in larger, well-phenotyped cohorts to explore fibromyalgia's genetic pathways.