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Updated: Jun 7, 2026
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Digital Spatial Profiling for Characterization of the Microenvironment in Adult-Type Diffusely Infiltrating Glioma
Published on: September 13, 2022
Characterizing malignant prognostic signatures in primary glioma based on single-cell and bulk transcriptome
Yuhui Gong1, Haoran Guo2, Haolong Ding1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
Plos One
|June 5, 2026
Summary
Researchers identified three key genes (IGFBP2, MDK, RARRES2) as prognostic signatures for glioma using advanced sequencing and statistical methods. These markers may improve glioma prognosis prediction and offer new therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genomics
- Bioinformatics
Background:
- Glioma is an aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis and treatment resistance.
- Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers detailed insights into glioma's cellular complexity.
- Understanding molecular drivers is crucial for improving glioma patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify novel prognostic gene signatures for glioma using multi-omics data.
- To validate the predictive accuracy of identified signatures in independent cohorts.
- To investigate the relationship between these signatures, drug response, and immune infiltration.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive analysis of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data.
- Application of Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) for signature identification.
- Validation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) cohorts.
- Exploration of correlations with drug responsiveness and immune cell infiltration.
- Functional analysis of RARRES2 using external datasets and in-house samples.
Main Results:
- Three malignant prognostic signatures (IGFBP2, MDK, RARRES2) were identified.
- The prognostic model demonstrated high predictive accuracy across TCGA and CGGA cohorts.
- RARRES2 expression positively correlated with M2-like macrophages, NK cells, and CD8+ T cell infiltration in glioma and pan-cancer analyses.
- RARRES2 may influence tumor progression via autocrine and paracrine signaling, particularly affecting macrophage recruitment.
Conclusions:
- IGFBP2, MDK, and RARRES2 represent potential novel prognostic markers for glioma.
- These signatures may enhance prognostic prediction accuracy for glioma patients.
- RARRES2 emerges as a promising therapeutic target, potentially modulating the tumor microenvironment and immune response.
