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An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
04:30

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Published on: October 25, 2019

Inhibitory control of disconfirmed predictions during sentence processing in aging.

Jina Kim1, Si On Yoon2, Jan R Wessel3

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Drive, 52242 Iowa City, IA, USA.

Cognition
|June 5, 2026
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Summary

Older adults effectively use inhibitory control to manage incorrect word predictions during sentence comprehension, similar to younger adults. Domain-general abilities may influence this cognitive process across the lifespan.

Keywords:
AgingInhibitory controlLinguistic predictionOlder adultsSentence processing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Younger adults predict words during sentence processing and use inhibitory control to suppress incorrect predictions.
  • Older adults may experience deficits in domain-general inhibition due to cognitive aging.
  • Understanding how older adults handle prediction errors is crucial for cognitive aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if older adults engage inhibitory control when their word predictions are disconfirmed.
  • To determine if domain-general abilities modulate inhibitory control during sentence processing in older adults.
  • To compare inhibitory control mechanisms for incorrect predictions between younger and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-modal lexical priming task to assess inhibitory control during sentence processing.
  • Stop-signal task to measure non-linguistic inhibitory control (motor inhibition).
  • Study included 52 younger adults and 49 older adults.

Main Results:

  • Older adults demonstrated effective engagement of inhibitory processing when predictions were disconfirmed, mirroring younger adults' performance.
  • Performance on the stop-signal task suggested a link between domain-general inhibition and sentence processing inhibition.
  • Results indicate that domain-general processes might be involved in inhibitory control during sentence processing for both age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults maintain the ability to engage inhibitory control for incorrect word predictions.
  • Domain-general inhibitory abilities appear to play a role in sentence processing across different age groups.
  • Findings highlight preserved cognitive functions and the influence of individual variability in aging.