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Language Development

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

Associations between Neonatal Auditory Brainstem Response and Long-Term Language Development in Preterm Children.

Akari Takai^1,2, Tatsuji Hasegawa¹, Mitsuko Nakata³

¹Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Japan, Kyoto.

American Journal of Perinatology

|June 5, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Longer auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I-V interpeak latency (I-V IPL) in preterm infants is linked to poorer long-term language development. Neonatal ABR testing may help identify children needing language support.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

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Published on: July 1, 2015

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published on: January 7, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Pediatrics
Audiology

Background:

Preterm birth is a risk factor for developmental delays, including language impairments.
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) assesses the integrity of the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the brainstem.
The interpeak latency between waves I and V (I-V IPL) on ABR reflects neural conduction time.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between neonatal auditory brainstem conduction (I-V IPL) and long-term language outcomes in preterm children.
To determine if ABR measures at term-equivalent age can predict later language development.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of 45 preterm infants (≤33 weeks gestation) without hearing loss.
ABR testing performed at term-equivalent age, measuring I-V IPL.
Language-social developmental quotients (DQs) assessed at 3 and 5-6 years using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001.

Main Results:

Longer neonatal I-V IPL was significantly correlated with lower language-social DQ scores at 3 years (rs = -0.32, p = 0.03) and 5-6 years (rs = -0.39, p = 0.04).
After adjusting for sex and age, longer I-V IPL remained a significant predictor of lower language-social DQ scores at 5-6 years (β = -21.00).

Conclusions:

Neonatal I-V IPL is associated with poorer long-term language outcomes in preterm children.
ABR I-V IPL measurement at term-equivalent age may aid clinicians in identifying preterm infants requiring long-term language development monitoring and support.