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Electrically functionalized body surface for deep-tissue bioelectrical recording.

Dehui Zhang¹, Ganggang Zhao¹, Yucheng Zhang²

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Nature Biomedical Engineering

|June 5, 2026

Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new spray-on electronic skin that overcomes challenges in non-invasive physiological monitoring. This advanced wearable technology enables reliable tracking of deep-tissue activities like circulation and brain signals during movement.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Wearable Technology

Background:

Non-invasive monitoring of deep-tissue physiological processes is hindered by signal attenuation and motion artifacts from conventional electrodes.
High contact impedance and mechanical mismatch of current electrodes limit reliable bioelectrical signal acquisition, especially on irregular or hairy skin surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel biocompatible spray-on electronic skin for overcoming limitations of conventional electrodes in non-invasive physiological monitoring.
To create intrinsically stretchable and mechanically adaptive thin films for conformal attachment to dynamic body surfaces.
To enable robust and continuous monitoring of deep-tissue physiological processes, including biopotential and bioimpedance changes.

Main Methods:

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Directly spray-coating a biocompatible two-dimensional nanosheet ink onto the human body to form van der Waals thin films.
Characterizing the mechanical adaptability and electrical properties of the spray-coated films on non-Euclidean and dynamic body surfaces.
Comparing the performance of the electrically functionalized body surface with commercial electrodes in terms of contact impedance and motion artifact reduction.

Main Results:

The spray-coated thin films form microscopically conformal, stretchable, and mechanically adaptive electrically functionalized body surfaces.
The novel approach significantly reduces contact impedance and extrinsic motion artifacts compared to commercial solutions.
Reliable acquisition of bioelectrical signals (biopotential and bioimpedance) from irregular body surfaces was achieved, enabling monitoring of deep-tissue activities.

Conclusions:

Spray-coated, stretchable van der Waals thin films offer a promising solution for advanced non-invasive physiological monitoring.
This technology significantly improves the reliability and robustness of bioelectrical signal acquisition from the body surface.
The developed electrically functionalized body surface advances the capability for continuous monitoring of deep-tissue activities during natural body movements.