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Exploring factors associated with nursing students' artificial intelligence literacy: insights from a national mixed
Pelin Karaçay1,2, Özgen Yaşar3, Polat Goktas4
1School of Nursing, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye. pkaracay@ku.edu.tr.
BMC Nursing
|June 5, 2026
Summary
This study assessed nursing students' artificial intelligence literacy (AIL) and found comfort with technology and awareness of ethical concerns positively impacted AIL. Findings highlight the need for educational strategies to enhance AIL for responsible AI integration in healthcare.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Education
- Health Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence
Background:
- The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is expanding, yet research on nursing students' AI literacy (AIL) is limited.
- This study addresses the gap by assessing AIL levels, identifying associated factors, and exploring student perceptions of AI in nursing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the current state of AI literacy among undergraduate nursing students in Türkiye.
- To identify demographic and experiential factors influencing nursing students' AIL.
- To understand nursing students' perceptions and concerns regarding AI in their academic and future professional lives.
Main Methods:
- A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing a non-probability snowball sampling technique.
- 383 undergraduate nursing students in Türkiye completed the Descriptive Characteristics Form and the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale (AILS).
- Quantitative data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.
Main Results:
- The average AILS score was 110.80, with specific scores for technical understanding (41.22), critical appraisal (40.49), and practical application (29.09).
- Higher comfort with new technologies (β=0.352) and prior experience with ethical concerns (β=0.094) were significant predictors of higher AIL.
- Seven themes emerged from qualitative analysis, including 'Support and Convenience,' 'Ethical and Security Concerns,' and 'Misinformation and Trust.'
Conclusions:
- Improving nursing students' AIL is crucial for the ethical and effective use of AI in healthcare.
- Educational strategies should focus on enhancing technical, appraisal, and practical AIL skills.
- This research provides insights for developing targeted educational interventions to prepare nursing students for AI in nursing education and practice.
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