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Published on: February 3, 2021
Polymerized Surface Passivation for Stable and Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.
Wenjie Zhao1,2,3, Jingchen Yang1,3, Chang Ji3
1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 6, 2026
Summary
Vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) offers a stable, polymerizable passivation layer for perovskite solar cells. This new material enhances power conversion efficiency and device durability, overcoming limitations of traditional small-molecule passivators.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Photovoltaics
Background:
- Surface passivation is crucial for advancing perovskite solar cell (PSC) power conversion efficiency (PCE).
- Conventional passivation using small molecules like ammonium-based ligands suffers from instability under light and heat, compromising device longevity.
- This instability limits the practical application and long-term performance of PSCs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel, polymerizable surface passivation material, vinylphosphonic acid (VPA), for PSCs.
- To investigate the formation of a robust and stable passivation layer using in situ polymerization of VPA.
- To evaluate the impact of this new passivation strategy on both the efficiency and operational stability of PSCs.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis and application of vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) as a surface passivator.
- In situ polymerization of VPA to form a polymerized-VPA (PVPA) layer.
- Theoretical calculations and experimental validation of PVPA layer properties.
- Fabrication and characterization of PSC devices incorporating the PVPA layer.
- Long-term operational stability testing under continuous 1-sun illumination at maximum power point.
Main Results:
- Achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.24% for PSCs using the PVPA passivation layer.
- Demonstrated that the PVPA layer is more robust and stable compared to conventional organoammonium-based small molecules.
- Devices maintained over 90% of their initial PCE after 1600 hours of continuous operation under 1-sun illumination.
- Confirmed the passivation of uncoordinated metallic defects by the phosphate group of VPA.
Conclusions:
- Vinylphosphonic acid (VPA) provides an effective and stable surface passivation strategy for perovskite solar cells.
- The polymerizable nature of VPA leads to a more durable passivation layer, enhancing device stability.
- This approach represents a significant advancement for achieving high-efficiency and long-lasting perovskite solar cells.
