Gynecologic Concerns for Children and Adolescents With Vascular Anomalies

Vascular anomalies (VA) are disorders of capillary, venous, arterial, and lymphatic endothelium and include vascular tumors and vascular malformations. VA are often diagnosed in infancy or childhood and may involve the vulva, vagina, perineum, rectovaginal septum, uterus, or bladder. Individuals with VA can have gynecologic issues like anatomical distortion, pain, prepubertal bleeding, abnormal uterine bleeding, or special considerations for contraception, menstrual management, or pregnancy related to their vascular anomaly. An understanding of vascular anomaly nomenclature, classification, underlying genetic factors, and current diagnostic and therapeutic options is important for pediatric and adolescent gynecologic providers to support accurate diagnosis, facilitate multidisciplinary coordination, and promote optimal patient care.