Compression Therapy in Human Body Applications: A Systematic Review from Principles to Practice

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Sports Science

Background:

• Compression therapy is widely used for various conditions, but research is often pathology-specific.
• This limits the development of universal design principles for compression devices.
• A unified understanding is needed to advance device efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and assess literature on compression therapy for Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI), edema, and ligament injury.
• To identify cross-pathological insights for general compression device design principles.
• To provide a novel perspective for developing more effective and versatile compression devices.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.
• Search strings focused on biomechanical effects, theoretical models, and characteristics of compression.
• Eighty-six peer-reviewed studies were included, analyzing effects and models across three pathologies.

Main Results:

• Compression therapy reduces transmural pressure, increases interstitial pressure, and enhances joint stiffness.
• Theoretical models indicate compression regulates tissue geometry, fluid balance, and stiffness.
• Therapeutic outcomes are influenced by compression's mode, distribution, pressure, and location.

Conclusions:

• Overarching principles for compression therapy exist across diverse pathologies.
• Understanding these principles can guide the development of improved compression devices.
• This review offers a foundation for creating more effective and adaptable compression solutions.