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3D Printed Porous Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds

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Published on: April 24, 2019

Packed Hydrogel Microfibers as Scaffolds Supporting Dynamic Cellular Behavior and Biomaterial Inks in 3D Printing.

M Gregory Grewal¹, Remington M Martinez², Georgia T Helein²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|June 7, 2026

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Fiber-Based Hydrogels for Designing Viscoelastic Responses in Particle-Based Biomaterials That Support Embedded 3D Printing.

ACS biomaterials science & engineering·2026

Researchers developed novel particle-based hydrogels using segmented microfibers. These packed hydrogel microfiber (PHM) materials offer enhanced mechanical properties and serve as dynamic scaffolds for tissue engineering.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Particle-based hydrogels are useful for injectable scaffolds and 3D cell culture.
Spherical microparticles offer limited design control over hydrogel properties.
Interparticle interactions and spatial organization are key to hydrogel properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer novel particle-based hydrogels with enhanced mechanical and biological properties.
To investigate the potential of fiber-based hydrogel systems for tissue engineering applications.
To overcome limitations of spherical microparticle-based hydrogels.

Main Methods:

Electrospinning of hydrogel microfibers and subsequent segmentation.
Characterization of microfiber dimensions (93 ± 51 µm length, 1.6 ± 0.3 µm diameter).

Keywords:

bioprinting granular hydrogels hydrogels microfibers viscoelasticity

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Fabrication and mechanical testing of packed hydrogel microfiber (PHM) materials.

Assessment of PHMs as 3D cell culture scaffolds, including cell alignment and spreading.

Main Results:

Engineered PHMs exhibit unique viscoelastic properties and stability without interparticle crosslinking.
PHM materials are mechanically robust, stretchable, and show tissue-mimetic stress relaxation.
Shear-induced fiber alignment in 3D printed PHM filaments provides topographical cues for cell alignment.
Embedded cells spread within PHMs, indicating a permissive microenvironment.

Conclusions:

Fiber-based particle systems offer advantages over spherical systems for dynamic and permissive scaffolds.
PHMs demonstrate potential as printable biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
The engineered microfibers provide tunable physical and topographical cues for cellular response.