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Gelatin Methacryloyl Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds: High-throughput Microgel Fabrication, Lyophilization, Chemical Assembly, and 3D Bioprinting
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Gelatin Methacryloyl Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds: High-throughput Microgel Fabrication, Lyophilization, Chemical Assembly, and 3D Bioprinting

Published on: December 9, 2022

Integrating microchannels and flows into 3D printable granular hydrogel matrices.

Emily Ferrarese1, Emily Swanekamp2, Thuy-Vi Bui2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. highley@virginia.edu.

Lab on a Chip
|July 15, 2026
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Summary

Researchers created stable microfluidic channels within granular hydrogels by selectively crosslinking particles. This enables controlled fluid perfusion and spatiotemporal signaling in synthetic biomaterials for advanced microphysiological systems (MPSs).

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Microphysiological systems (MPSs) often utilize bioactive, naturally-derived hydrogels.
  • Synthetic hydrogels offer tunable properties but typically lack inherent bioactivity.
  • Engineering synthetic biomaterials for dynamic cellular behaviors is a key goal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop stable microfluidic channels within granular hydrogels for perfusion.
  • To enable spatiotemporal control of soluble signals in synthetic hydrogel environments.
  • To integrate 3D printing with microfluidic granular hydrogels for advanced MPS fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Spatially controlled interparticle crosslinking to form stable channels within granular hydrogels.
  • Utilizing fluorescently tagged molecules to visualize soluble gradients between channels.
  • Integrating embedded 3D printing for precise material composition control.

Main Results:

  • Successfully established stable perfusion channels within granular hydrogels.
  • Demonstrated spatiotemporal control of soluble gradients between engineered channels.
  • Showcased compatibility with 3D printing for system fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • Selective crosslinking enables stable channels in dynamic granular hydrogels for MPS applications.
  • This approach allows for precise control over soluble signals in synthetic biomaterial environments.
  • The integration of microfluidics and 3D printing provides a versatile platform for engineering novel MPSs.