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Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels

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^{3}He-^{21}Ne Ramsey Comagnetometer with Sub-nHz Frequency Resolution.

Shaobo Zhang¹, Jingyao Wang¹, George Sun¹

¹Princeton University, Department of Physics, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|June 7, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new nuclear spin comagnetometer using Helium-3 and Neon-21 for precise measurements. The device achieves bias-free operation and high frequency sensitivity, advancing beyond the standard model physics research.

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Area of Science:

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Precision Measurement Science
Fundamental Physics

Background:

Nuclear spin comagnetometers provide high precision and stability for fundamental physics research.
Applications include probing physics beyond the standard model and inertial rotation sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel Helium-3-Neon-21 Ramsey comagnetometer.
To enhance measurement precision and eliminate bias in nuclear spin measurements.

Main Methods:

Utilized a $^{3}$He-$^{21}$Ne Ramsey comagnetometer with an in-situ $^{87}$Rb magnetometer.
Implemented laser turn-off and microwave fields during free precession to suppress atomic back action.
Controlled polarized sample geometry to eliminate scalar and dipolar interactions.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a new $^{3}$He-$^{21}$Ne Ramsey comagnetometer.
Achieved bias-free measurements by eliminating nuclear spin interactions.
Obtained a frequency sensitivity of 0.6 nHz after six hours of integration.

Conclusions:

The developed comagnetometer offers exceptional precision and long-term stability.
This instrument is a powerful tool for probing spin-dependent physics beyond the standard model.
The improvements enable bias-free measurements with enhanced frequency sensitivity.