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Fully Synthetic, Biomimicking Polysulfates With Tunable Anticoagulant and Endothelial Cell-Selective Bioactivity.

Andrea Cosimi1,2, Roxana Pollehn1, Andrea De Martino1

  • 1Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry - Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Macromolecular Bioscience
|June 7, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Synthetic sulfated polymer coatings mimic natural glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), showing anticoagulant activity and selective endothelial cell proliferation. These biomaterials offer a platform for studying cell interactions and promoting vascular healing.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Natural glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play crucial roles in biological processes, but their complexity hinders mechanistic studies.
  • Synthetic biomaterials are needed to mimic GAG functions for controlled biological interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop synthetic polyelectrolyte brush coatings inspired by GAGs.
  • To investigate the effects of sulfation degree and polymer molecular weight on anticoagulant activity and cellular responses.
  • To evaluate the potential of these coatings for promoting reendothelialization and preventing vascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of sulfated poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) block copolymer brushes via controlled self-assembly and photoimmobilization.
Keywords:
GAG‐mimeticgrowth factor sequestrationin vitro reendothelializationpolyelectrolyte brushessulfated PHEMA

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  • Characterization of brush coatings, including sulfation degree and molecular weight.
  • Assessment of anticoagulant activity by measuring plasma coagulation times.
  • In vitro cell culture studies using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) under various conditions.
  • Evaluation of growth factor (VEGF, bFGF) bioactivity and preservation.

    • Main Results:

    • Sulfation above 70% imparted significant anticoagulant activity.
    • Nanometer-thin brushes were successfully fabricated and photoimmobilized on polystyrene substrates.
    • Endothelial cell proliferation was selective, favoring longer polymer chains (65 kDa) over shorter ones (15 kDa) under serum-free conditions.
    • Coatings preserved VEGF bioactivity more effectively with longer chains.
    • Co-culture studies demonstrated stable HUVEC/SMC ratios, preventing smooth muscle cell overgrowth and promoting vascular co-culture.

    Conclusions:

    • Synthetic polysulfate brushes effectively mimic key electrostatic features of GAGs.
    • These coatings offer a versatile platform for studying GAG-mimetic interactions and vascular cell behavior at biomaterial interfaces.
    • The developed system shows potential for promoting reendothelialization and preventing neointimal hyperplasia in vitro.