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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

Overview
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Implantation of Miniosmotic Pumps and Delivery of Tract Tracers to Study Brain Reorganization in Pathophysiological Conditions
10:32

Implantation of Miniosmotic Pumps and Delivery of Tract Tracers to Study Brain Reorganization in Pathophysiological Conditions

Published on: January 18, 2016

Physiological strategies for brain delivery.

Daniel Gonzalez-Carter1

  • 1Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.

Advances in Pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)
|June 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing new strategies to deliver therapies to the brain is crucial for treating neurological diseases. Researchers are exploring novel blood-brain barrier (BBB) targets beyond transport proteins to improve drug delivery.

Keywords:
Blood-brain barrierCell-membrane targetsGlycocalyxIntracellular traffickingTherapeutic carriersTherapeutic vehiclesTranscytosisTransport proteins

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A Positioning Device for the Placement of Mice During Intranasal siRNA Delivery to the Central Nervous System
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Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Through Intracerebroventricular (ICV) and Intravenous (IV) Injection in Mice
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Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Through Intracerebroventricular (ICV) and Intravenous (IV) Injection in Mice

Published on: October 3, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Implantation of Miniosmotic Pumps and Delivery of Tract Tracers to Study Brain Reorganization in Pathophysiological Conditions
10:32

Implantation of Miniosmotic Pumps and Delivery of Tract Tracers to Study Brain Reorganization in Pathophysiological Conditions

Published on: January 18, 2016

A Positioning Device for the Placement of Mice During Intranasal siRNA Delivery to the Central Nervous System
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A Positioning Device for the Placement of Mice During Intranasal siRNA Delivery to the Central Nervous System

Published on: August 15, 2019

Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Through Intracerebroventricular (ICV) and Intravenous (IV) Injection in Mice
05:55

Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Through Intracerebroventricular (ICV) and Intravenous (IV) Injection in Mice

Published on: October 3, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge for treating neurological disorders.
  • Current drug delivery strategies often rely on receptor-mediated transport, exploiting innate brain pathways.
  • Innovations in nanocarriers and engineered biologics have advanced brain targeting but require nuanced target engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel strategies for enhancing therapeutic delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • To identify new targets beyond traditional transport proteins for improved brain drug delivery.
  • To leverage the unique physiology and dynamic specialization of brain endothelial cells for targeted therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in ligand-modified nanocarriers and engineered biologics.
  • Analysis of emerging evidence on non-transport related cell-membrane targets.
  • Exploration of strategies targeting cell-membrane dynamics, haemodynamics, and pathological modulation.

Main Results:

  • Brain delivery necessitates a sophisticated understanding of BBB transport mechanisms.
  • Novel targets, including structural/signaling proteins and non-protein membrane components like the glycocalyx, show promise.
  • Targeting strategies increasingly exploit dynamic BBB features such as cell-membrane dynamics and haemodynamic responses.

Conclusions:

  • Expanding the repertoire of BBB targets beyond transport proteins can enhance therapeutic delivery.
  • Harnessing the specialized and dynamic nature of brain endothelial cells offers new avenues for drug targeting.
  • The field is moving towards more dynamic and physiologically informed approaches to maximize brain drug delivery.