Spatial Transcriptomics Open a New Era of Pan-Cancer Analysis

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is revolutionizing pan-cancer analysis by enabling the in situ integration of spatial architecture with molecular profiles. This review synthesizes key advances, including deciphering conserved and divergent spatial ecosystems across cancers, mapping the heterogeneity of driver genes, tracing metastatic evolution, and establishing novel spatial molecular classifications. It further discusses how these insights inform clinical translation for diagnosis and therapy stratification. While integration of multi-cancer datasets and translational efficiency remain challenges, ST is a pivotal bridge toward spatially informed, broad-spectrum oncological strategies.