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Multivalent Aptamers: Contemporary Engineering Strategies and Biomedical Applications.

Chengliang Liu1,2, Zhijun Tang1,2, Yilin Zhu1,2

  • 1College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multivalent aptamers, engineered from multiple units, overcome limitations of single aptamers by enhancing target engagement. This review covers advanced engineering strategies and applications in next-generation biomedicine.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologySELEXmultivalency effectmultivalent aptamersprecision therapeuticstargeted drug delivery

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

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Published on: August 9, 2019

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Nucleic acid aptamers offer high affinity and stability for biomedical uses.
  • Monovalent aptamers face limitations in binding avidity and pharmacokinetics.
  • Multivalent aptamers enhance target engagement through engineered spatial configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of multivalent aptamer engineering advancements.
  • To discuss strategies for designing and constructing multivalent aptamer architectures.
  • To highlight applications capitalizing on the multivalency effect.

Main Methods:

  • Review of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) strategies for multivalent aptamer evolution.
  • Analysis of diverse design approaches for multivalent aptamer construction.
  • Compilation of representative applications in targeted delivery, therapy, imaging, and diagnostics.

Main Results:

  • Advancements in SELEX enable direct evolution of multivalent aptamers.
  • Various multivalent architectures offer distinct advantages and limitations.
  • Multivalency significantly enhances affinity, specificity, and functional potency.

Conclusions:

  • Multivalent aptamer engineering offers superior biological outcomes compared to monovalent counterparts.
  • This approach unlocks novel applications in targeted delivery, therapeutics, imaging, and diagnostics.
  • Continued advancements promise significant impact on next-generation biomedicine.