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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this defense.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Two-layered Membrane Sandwich Method for Laodelphax striatellus Saliva Collection
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Published on: August 27, 2021

The Pathogenesis-Related Protein 4b Induced by Rice Stripe Virus Enhances Host's Antiviral Defence.

Binhao Gao1, Long Ma1, Huiyuan Zhang1

  • 1College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

Molecular Plant Pathology
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pathogenesis-related protein 4b (PR4b) enhances rice resistance against Rice Stripe Virus (RSV). Overexpressing OsPR4b boosts plant immunity, while its knockdown increases susceptibility to RSV infection.

Keywords:
gene expressionpathogenesis‐related protein 4b (PR4b)rice stripe virustranscriptomeviral symptoms

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

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Published on: August 27, 2021

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Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
  • Plant Biotechnology

Background:

  • Rice stripe disease, caused by Rice Stripe Virus (RSV), significantly threatens global rice production.
  • Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are known for plant defense, but their role in antiviral responses is less understood.
  • PR4b expression is notably increased in plants infected with RSV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of OsPR4b in rice's defense against RSV.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying OsPR4b-mediated antiviral immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of rice lines with altered OsPR4b expression (overexpression and knockdown).
  • Phenotypic analysis of RSV resistance in modified rice lines.
  • Molecular analyses including viral load quantification and transcriptomic profiling.

Main Results:

  • OsPR4b-overexpressing rice lines showed enhanced resistance to RSV, with reduced viral symptoms and accumulation.
  • Knockdown of OsPR4b led to increased susceptibility to RSV, manifesting as more severe symptoms and higher viral loads.
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed that OsPR4b knockdown affects RNA metabolism, oxidative stress, and metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • OsPR4b plays a crucial role in conferring antiviral resistance in rice.
  • OsPR4b may regulate antiviral immunity through modulation of RNA metabolism, cell wall integrity, and metabolic homeostasis.
  • OsPR4b represents a potential target for developing virus-resistant rice varieties.