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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Pharmacist-Driven Pediatric Vaccine Recommendation and Implementation Service.

Jacob Sutej1, Amy Heiberger1,2, Amanda Hurst1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD.

Innovations in Pharmacy
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A pharmacist-led intervention successfully increased childhood vaccine administration in hospitalized children. This pilot study demonstrated that involving pharmacists can help close immunization gaps for pediatric patients during hospital stays.

Keywords:
hospitalizedimmunizationinpatientpediatricpharmacist

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The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score (PRIUS): A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Immunization Practices
  • Pharmacist-led Interventions

Background:

  • Hospitalized children often miss recommended immunizations, as vaccines are primarily given in outpatient settings.
  • The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices advocates for enhanced vaccination efforts in pediatric hospital populations.
  • A pharmacist-driven vaccine recommendation service was piloted to address this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmacist-driven service in increasing childhood immunizations for hospitalized pediatric patients.
  • To assess the rate of vaccine administration among eligible children during hospitalization.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involved a pharmacist reviewing vaccine histories of immunocompetent children aged two months to six years.
  • Patients hospitalized on weekdays in February 2024 were assessed for needed catch-up vaccines.
  • Pharmacists facilitated ordering and administration of vaccines prior to patient discharge.

Main Results:

  • Of 130 patients reviewed, 43 were eligible for vaccines, and 15 (35%) received at least one immunization before discharge.
  • A total of 42 childhood vaccines were administered during the intervention period.
  • Median pharmacist time was 11 minutes for history review and 2 minutes for family discussion per patient.

Conclusions:

  • Under-vaccination is prevalent in hospitalized pediatric patients, with over 30% missing one or more vaccines.
  • Pharmacist intervention successfully facilitated the administration of 42 immunizations, demonstrating a viable strategy to improve vaccination rates.
  • Integrating pharmacists into hospital settings can reduce the burden on providers and improve childhood immunization coverage.