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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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Published on: January 10, 2017

Pyrazine-Based Donor Polymers for Cost-Effective High Performance Organic Solar Cells.

Bohan Shang¹, Xiaodong Wang², Yetai Cheng²

¹College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.

Polymer Science & Technology (Washington, D.C.)

|June 8, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed two polymer donors for organic solar cells (OSCs). PQ1, with inner octyl chains, achieved 15.82% power conversion efficiency, showing commercial potential for cost-effective OSCs.

Keywords:

High efficiency Isomer Low cost Organic solar cells Polymer donor

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Published on: March 2, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Organic Electronics
Photovoltaics

Background:

Commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) requires high-performance, low-cost polymer donors.
Balancing cost and efficiency is key for next-generation OSC materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and synthesize novel, cost-effective polymer donors for OSCs.
To evaluate the structure-property relationships influencing photovoltaic performance.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of two polymer donors, PQ1 and PQ2, with an economically viable acceptor unit.
Incorporation of inner (PQ1) and outer (PQ2) octyl chains to study structural effects.
Fabrication and characterization of OSC devices using the synthesized polymers.

Main Results:

PQ1 exhibited enhanced planarity, crystallinity, and charge transport due to inner octyl chains.
PQ1-based OSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency of 15.82% when paired with a low-bandgap acceptor.
PQ2, with outer octyl chains, showed less favorable photovoltaic performance.

Conclusions:

PQ1's straightforward design, facile synthesis, and high efficiency indicate significant commercial potential.
Inner octyl chain functionalization is a promising strategy for developing high-performance, cost-effective polymer donors.
The study provides valuable insights for advancing OSC technology through rational material design.