The quiet cost of gender bias in the operating room

Surgical specialties continue to be dominated by men, even though women make up more than 50% of medical school graduates. Female surgeons' self-esteem, career paths, and well-being are destroyed by overt discrimination and microaggressions, which also have an impact on team dynamics and patient safety. Women in surgery report widespread bias, from being mistaken as nurses to receiving fewer highly complex cases, which contributes to emotional burnout, obstructed skill-learning, and premature career termination. The hidden "time taxes" of additional planning and self-monitoring, which go beyond the typical obstacles, reduce output and limit creativity. We support structured mentorship programs, clear criteria for case allocation and promotion, clear leadership commitment to gender parity in the operating room, and institution-wide implicit bias training as ways to break these long-standing trends.