Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 9, 2026
08:10
Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses
Published on: May 2, 2019
Trends and Burden of Human Rabies in Iran 2012-2021: A Cross-Sectional Study
Aliasghar Fakhri-Demeshghieh1, Hesameddin Akbarein2, Rouzbeh Bashar3
1Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Epidemiology & Zoonoses Division of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, DVM, Specialty board-certified in Epidemiology University of Tehran Tehran Iran.
Health Science Reports
|June 8, 2026
Summary
Human rabies deaths in Iran, particularly among males aged 10-14, show a significant association with sex and age. The incidence of rabies deaths increased over the study period, with a notable rise in 2021.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Rabies remains an endemic threat in Iran.
- Understanding demographic patterns is crucial for targeted prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the association between sex and age in human rabies deaths.
- To identify incidence trends and disease burden from 2012 to 2021.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study analyzing 69 rabies deaths.
- Fisher's exact test for sex-age association.
- Joinpoint regression for trend analysis.
- Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) calculation.
Main Results:
- A statistically significant association between sex and age (p=0.003), with highest frequency in males aged 10-14.
- An overall increasing trend in rabies deaths, peaking in 2021.
- Increased DALYs for both sexes between 2019 and 2021.
Conclusions:
- The link between sex and age in rabies cases is significant in Iran.
- Increasing incidence and burden highlight the need for continued rabies control efforts.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:28Rabies
Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
01:08Prevalence and Incidence
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
01:28Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
01:25Arboviral Encephalitis
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
01:28Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
01:23Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...