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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
08:50

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes against solid tumors: current trends & perspectives.

Ze Min Liew1, Yu Shyan Low1, Khang Chiang Oh1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Peerj
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are crucial for anticancer immunity and prognosis. This review details TIL populations, their roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and strategies to enhance TIL infiltration for better cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
ChemokinesImmunotherapySolid tumorTumor immunologyTumor infiltrating lymphocytesTumor microenvironment

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
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Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
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Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are vital for anti-cancer immunity.
  • TILs significantly impact cancer progression and patient prognosis.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) composition dictates immune cell activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on diverse TIL populations and their functions in cancer immunity.
  • To explore factors influencing immune cell infiltration into solid tumors.
  • To propose novel immunotherapeutic strategies for enhancing TIL infiltration.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of TILs in cancer immunity.
  • Analysis of factors affecting immune cell homing and infiltration.
  • Synthesis of recent immunotherapeutic approaches targeting TILs.

Main Results:

  • TILs play a dual role, with both anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic populations identified.
  • The balance of immune cells within the TME is a key determinant of tumor fate.
  • Factors influencing TIL infiltration are critical for effective anti-cancer immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TIL properties and TME dynamics is essential for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Strategies to improve TIL infiltration hold promise for enhancing clinical outcomes.
  • Targeting immune cell infiltration represents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies.