Cephalic Tetanus Following Auricular Metallic Trauma in an Adult: A Rare Clinical Case Presentation

Cephalic tetanus of otitic origin is a well-documented clinical entity. It is characterized by trismus associated with damage to one or more cranial nerves. Although rare, this form poses a real diagnostic challenge because of its often atypical clinical picture, which justifies rapid and appropriate treatment to limit morbidity and mortality.

We report the case of a 31-year-old patient, working as a welder and whose tetanus vaccination status was not up to date with recommended booster doses, who developed purulent otitis following auricular trauma caused by a metallic projectile, which was not treated. The course was marked by the appearance of cephalic tetanus, manifested by trismus associated with the involvement of the third cranial nerve (ptosis). Management includes the administration of antitetanus serum, a first dose of tetanus vaccine, and a prescription of metronidazole. The outcome was favorable.

This case highlights the importance of tetanus vaccination, which remains the cornerstone of prevention and underscores the need for increased community awareness and appropriate training for health professionals. Cephalic tetanus, a rare complication of auricular trauma, requires prompt management to prevent serious sequelae and ensure favorable outcomes.