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Promise to Practice: Reimagining Artificial Intelligence for Equitable Global Health Impact.

Shama Patel^1,2, Katherine O Robsky³, Wenhui Mao^4,5

¹Brown University, Division of Global Emergency Medicine, Adjunct Faculty, Providence, RI, USA.

Annals of Global Health

|June 8, 2026

Summary

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in global health offers potential but requires careful implementation. Ensuring equitable access and outcomes necessitates locally led, evidence-driven strategies to avoid worsening health disparities.

Keywords:

artificial intelligence digital health global health health equity machine learning prediction models technology

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Area of Science:

Global Health
Health Informatics
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in healthcare globally.
The benefits of AI in health are unevenly distributed and lack real-world evaluation.
Data equity is a critical concern in the global health application of AI.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize AI applications in global health across education, epidemiology, and clinical medicine.
To identify barriers, governance challenges, and equity implications of AI implementation.
To propose strategic imperatives for equitable AI deployment in global health.

Main Methods:

A structured narrative landscape review by the Consortium of Universities of Global Health Research Committee's AI working group.
Thematic synthesis of peer-reviewed and gray literature.
Deliberations from a 2025 pre-conference session.

Main Results:

AI applications span health education, epidemiology, and clinical medicine.
Key challenges include implementation barriers, governance, and data equity.
Five strategic imperatives identified: governance, capacity-building, research, knowledge sharing, and ethical design.

Conclusions:

AI deployment in global health must shift from technological optimism to equity-centered approaches.
Locally led, evidence-driven strategies are crucial for effective and equitable AI implementation.
Failure to address these shifts risks exacerbating existing health inequities.