Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 9, 2026
10:23
Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Bifid Mandibular Condyle Seen in a Patient With Posterior Disk Displacement.
Yosuke Iijima1, Nami Nakayama1, Takumi Takahashi1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University Saitama Japan.
Clinical Case Reports
|June 8, 2026
Summary
This report discusses the rare bifid mandibular condyle, a condition affecting jaw joint mechanics. Understanding this anomaly is crucial for diagnosing and managing temporomandibular joint disorders.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Anatomy
- Radiology
Background:
- The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is complex, with anatomical variations potentially impacting function.
- The bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is a rare developmental anomaly of the mandibular condyle.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the existence and implications of the rare bifid mandibular condyle (BMC).
- To inform clinicians about the potential role of BMC in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mechanics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on reported cases of bifid mandibular condyle.
- Analysis of anatomical and biomechanical principles related to TMJ function.
Main Results:
- Bifid mandibular condyle is an uncommon condition characterized by a division of the mandibular condyle.
- This anatomical variation may influence the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint.
Conclusions:
- The bifid mandibular condyle is a rare finding that warrants consideration in clinical practice.
- Clinicians should include BMC in their differential diagnosis for complex temporomandibular joint issues.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction
Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
01:23Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology
The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
01:27Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction
Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
01:14Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...