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Related Concept Videos

Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Dynamic Light-Induced Protein Patterns at Model Membranes
07:10

Dynamic Light-Induced Protein Patterns at Model Membranes

Published on: February 23, 2024

Bioinspired Real-Time Dynamic Responsive Structural Colors.

Zekun Zhang1,2, Xiaoyu Hou3, Mingzhu Li1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.

Polymer Science & Technology (Washington, D.C.)
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers review responsive structural color materials, inspired by nature, for applications like anti-counterfeiting and displays. These materials offer tunable colors via physical, chemical, or biological stimuli, paving the way for advanced technologies.

Keywords:
bioinspireddynamicliquid crystalmetasurfacephotonic crystalstructural color

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Visualizing Visual Adaptation
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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Dynamic Light-Induced Protein Patterns at Model Membranes
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Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Organisms evolve dynamic coloration for survival and interaction.
  • Artificial materials mimicking natural color change offer tunable, responsive structural colors.
  • These advanced materials are crucial for anti-counterfeiting, displays, sensing, and smart actuators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey response mechanisms and color modulation strategies of structural color materials.
  • To review applications of responsive structural color materials in various fields.
  • To discuss future prospects and challenges in developing advanced structural coloration.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of structural color materials based on photonic crystals (PCs), liquid crystals (LCs), and metasurfaces.
  • Classification of materials based on responsiveness to physical, chemical, and biological stimuli.
  • Comprehensive overview of current and potential applications.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of colorization mechanisms in different structural materials.
  • Categorization of color regulation strategies based on stimuli response.
  • Broad range of applications highlighted, including anti-counterfeiting, advanced displays, sensing, and biomedical uses.

Conclusions:

  • Responsive structural color materials offer significant advantages due to their tunable and dynamic nature.
  • The review provides a valuable resource for understanding modulation strategies and applications.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges and improve the performance of these materials.