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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Progressive collapsing foot deformity: an instructional review.

Stephen Mc Donald¹, David Loveday², George Smith²

¹Department of Orthopaedics, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom. stephen.mcdonald10@nhs.net.

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology : Orthopedie Traumatologie

|June 8, 2026

Summary

Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) involves arch collapse and hindfoot issues, affecting middle-aged to older adults. Understanding its causes and using classification systems guides effective, individualized treatment for this painful condition.

Keywords:

Adult acquired flatfoot Pes planus Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency Progressive collapsing foot deformity Tibialis posterior dysfunction

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Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Published on: March 4, 2018

Area of Science:

Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Podiatry
Biomechanics

Background:

Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) is an acquired condition affecting the foot's arch and alignment.
It commonly impacts middle-aged and older individuals, causing pain and functional limitations.
Distinguishing between flexible and rigid deformities is crucial for management.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the key aspects of Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (PCFD).
To discuss the diagnostic and classification frameworks for PCFD.
To review current and emerging treatment strategies for PCFD.

Main Methods:

Clinical assessment to differentiate foot flexibility.
Application of the Johnson and Strom classification system.
Review of non-operative (orthoses) and operative treatment modalities.

Main Results:

PCFD is characterized by medial longitudinal arch collapse, hindfoot valgus, and forefoot abduction.
The Johnson and Strom classification aids in staging and treatment planning.
Peritalar subluxation is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor.

Conclusions:

Individualized treatment for PCFD requires understanding its pathophysiology and biomechanical drivers.
Focus is shifting towards motion-preserving surgical techniques.
Accurate diagnosis and classification are essential for effective PCFD management.