System-level integration of halide perovskite optoelectronics for its commercial deployment

Halide perovskites have emerged as a compelling material for a broad range of optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes, phototransistors, light-sensing and imaging systems. To enable practical application and compatibility with existing consumer electronics, they must be integrated with heterogeneous electronic platforms, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chips or thin-film transistors. Such integration is pivotal for transitioning perovskite technologies from laboratory demonstrations to commercial applications. In this perspective, we summarize recent progress in the system-level integration of perovskite optoelectronics with driving backplanes, compare key performance metrics with industrial benchmarks, discuss major challenges, and outline future directions and application prospects for perovskite optoelectronics.