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Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

All matter is composed of atoms, the smallest individual units of elements. Each atom is made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Together, these three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.The History of Atomic TheoryThe first person to propose that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles was the Greek philosopher Democritus, around 450 B.C. He used the term atomos, Greek for “indivisible,” from which the modern term “atom” is derived.

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

Published on: July 17, 2015

Author Correction: Atomically precise photothermal nanomachines

Jing Chen^1,2, Peilin Gu^3,4, Guangliu Ran⁵

¹Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.

Nature Materials

|June 8, 2026

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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