Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping the Sacculo-collic and Otolith-ocular Pathway Dysfunction in Individuals with Vestibular Migraine.

The journal of international advanced otology·2026
Same author

Video Head Impulse Test Can Reveal Silent Vestibular Dysfunction in Normal-Hearing Individuals With Tinnitus.

American journal of audiology·2025
Same author

Optimal Electrode Configuration for Masseter Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential: A Comparison Between Zygomatic and Forehead Electrode Montages.

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology·2025
Same author

Assessment of the Quality of Medical Record Documentation using the CRABEL Score Method in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India.

Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences·2025
Same author

Cervical and Masseter Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.

American journal of audiology·2025
Same author

Dissociation between caloric test and the video head impulse test in individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders.

The Journal of laryngology and otology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Otolithic Dysfunction in Normal-Hearing Individuals With Tinnitus.

Aishwarya Nagarajan1, Sujeet Kumar Sinha2

  • 1Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing (Recognized Research Centre under University of Mysore), Mysuru, Karnataka, India; and.

Ear and Hearing
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Normal-hearing individuals with tinnitus show vestibular abnormalities, particularly in the peripheral vestibular system. Longer tinnitus duration correlates with increased vestibular deterioration, suggesting vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) as a clinical biomarker.

Keywords:
Cervical VEMPMasseter VEMPOcular VEMPTinnitusVestibular dysfunctionVestibular evoked myogenic potential

More Related Videos

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages
09:09

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages

Published on: April 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
07:05

A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training

Published on: August 24, 2017

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages
09:09

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining Mouse Inner Ear Tissue: From Embryonic to Adult Stages

Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Tinnitus, often experienced by normal-hearing individuals, can indicate underlying cochleovestibular lesions.
  • The auditory and vestibular systems are anatomically integrated, necessitating a dual approach to tinnitus assessment.
  • Otolith organs, part of the vestibular system, may play a crucial role in tinnitus etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate vestibular involvement in normal-hearing individuals with tinnitus.
  • To assess sacculo-collic, utriculo-ocular, and vestibulo-masseteric reflex pathways.
  • To determine if vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) can identify vestibular abnormalities in tinnitus patients.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 35 normal-hearing individuals with unilateral tinnitus (Group I) to 35 normal-hearing controls (Group II).
  • Recorded cervical, ocular, and masseter VEMPs in all participants.
  • Assessed tinnitus duration and handicap using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory.

Main Results:

  • Group I exhibited significantly reduced VEMP amplitudes in tinnitus ears compared to non-tinnitus ears and Group II.
  • Higher interaural amplitude asymmetry ratios for all three VEMP types were observed in Group I.
  • A negative correlation was found between tinnitus duration and VEMP amplitudes/asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral vestibular apparatus abnormalities are evident in normal-hearing individuals with tinnitus.
  • Progressive peripheral vestibular deterioration is linked to longer tinnitus duration.
  • Cervical, ocular, and masseter VEMPs serve as reliable clinical biomarkers for peripheral vestibular abnormalities in tinnitus.