Water birth - Polish women's attitude, experiences, opinions, and concerns

This study aimed to evaluate Polish women's attitudes toward water birth, including perceived benefits, concerns, and the influence of demographic factors such as age, education, residence, and childbirth history.

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire shared in 76 Facebook groups targeting women and families in Poland. Responses were collected from February 17 to July 27, 2025. The questionnaire included demographic questions, childbirth history, awareness of water birth, perceived pros and cons, sources of information, and willingness to consider this method. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-squared test.

A total of 1,376 responses were analyzed. Awareness of water birth was high (98.2%), mainly acquired via the internet (83.6%). Benefits were known by 70.6% of respondents, particularly those aged 35-44 and those with higher education (p < 0.001). The most cited benefits were pain reduction (59.9%) and relaxation (51.6%). The most common concerns included complications (25.8%) and lack of familiarity (17.9%). Women with prior water birth experience were highly likely to choose it again (96.7%). Overall, 74.0% of all respondents would consider water birth, and 82.8% expressed a need for more accessible educational materials.

Polish women are generally aware of and open to water birth, but many lack access or adequate knowledge. Misinformation and limited awareness of contraindications persist, especially among younger and less-educated women. Educational efforts should be enhanced, particularly online, to support informed childbirth choices.