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Pediatric Urolithiasis in a Rural Tertiary Care Setting: Surgical Strategies and Outcomes

Mubashir Ali Khan1, Rafey Abdul Rahman2, Ankit Sachan1

  • 1Department of Urology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Annals of African Medicine
|June 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric urolithiasis in rural India primarily affects adolescent males, with kidney stones being most prevalent. Modern surgery, like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), offers high success rates and low complications in underserved areas.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pediatric urolithiasis is a growing global health concern, especially in developing countries.
  • There is a lack of data on surgical management and outcomes for pediatric kidney stones in rural India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the demographics, clinical features, surgical interventions, and outcomes of pediatric urolithiasis patients treated at a rural North Indian tertiary care center.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of surgical procedures for pediatric kidney stones in a resource-limited setting.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational study of 46 pediatric patients (≤18 years) who underwent surgery for urolithiasis between January 2017 and December 2024.
  • Systematic analysis of demographic data, stone characteristics, surgical procedures (including Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy - PCNL), complications, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The study population consisted mainly of adolescent males (76.1%) from rural backgrounds, with renal calculi being the most common type (60.9%).
  • Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was the most frequent procedure (45.7%), achieving a high overall stone-free rate (95.7%) with minimal major complications.
  • The average hospital stay was 6.8 days, and no stone recurrence was noted at a median follow-up of 90 days.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric urolithiasis in rural India disproportionately affects adolescent males, with renal stones being the most common diagnosis.
  • Advanced surgical techniques like PCNL are effective and safe for treating pediatric urolithiasis in resource-limited environments.
  • The findings highlight the need for enhanced preventive strategies and healthcare accessibility for pediatric kidney stone disease in rural populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
IndeIndiaclairance lithiasiquelithiase urinaire pédiatriquenéphrolithotomie percutanéepediatric urolithiasispercutaneous nephrolithotomyrural healthrésultats chirurgicauxsanté ruralestone clearancesurgical outcomes

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