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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Magnetization dynamics in magnetically uncoupled and coupled nanostructures.

Mahathi Kuchibhotla1,2, Adekunle Olusola Adeyeye3, Arabinda Haldar1

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, Telangana, India.

Nanotechnology
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores magnetization dynamics in nanostructures for advanced electronics. Understanding these magnetic behaviors is key for developing next-generation microwave and spintronic devices.

Keywords:
artificial spin iceferromagnetic resonancemagnonic crystalnanodotnanowireshape anisotropy

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Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques
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Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques

Published on: July 2, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques
06:27

Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques

Published on: July 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Magnetization dynamics in nanostructures are crucial for applications in magnetic logic, sensing, and microwave technologies.
  • On-chip integration requires deep understanding of magnetization reversal and microwave response.
  • Nanodots, nanowires, and artificial spin-ice lattices show unique properties based on geometry and interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review static and dynamic properties of various magnetic nanostructures.
  • To provide insights for developing reconfigurable magnonic crystals.
  • To guide the creation of next-generation microwave and spintronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of previous investigations on single-layer and trilayer nanostructures.
  • Analysis of nanodots, nanowires, width-modulated nanowires, and artificial spin-ice systems.
  • Focus on static and dynamic magnetic properties and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) behavior.

Main Results:

  • Distinct ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) behaviors observed in different nanostructure geometries.
  • Geometrical and magnetic interactions significantly shape magnetization dynamics.
  • Static and dynamic properties are well-characterized for various nanostructure types.

Conclusions:

  • Insights from these studies are valuable for designing advanced magnonic crystals.
  • Understanding magnetization dynamics is essential for next-generation microwave components.
  • This work supports the development of wave-based spintronic technologies.