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Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

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Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
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Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
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Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery

Published on: May 4, 2022

Radiologic Evaluation of Thoracic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Alexandra Jade Davis1, Julianna M Czum1, Jamie Lee T Schroeder2

  • 1The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, US.

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details thoracic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), rare tumors of the lung and mediastinum. Imaging is crucial for diagnosing these diverse NENs, aiding in early detection and treatment planning.

Keywords:
DIPNECHNeuroendocrinecarcinoidlung cancerparaganglioma

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

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Published on: May 23, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thoracic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) present a wide range of malignancy, from indolent carcinoids to aggressive carcinomas.
  • Accurate diagnosis of thoracic NENs is difficult due to variable imaging features and tumor rarity.
  • Incidental discovery often leads to delayed diagnosis of these pulmonary and mediastinal tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of thoracic NENs, encompassing their diverse subtypes and associated conditions.
  • To highlight the critical role of imaging modalities like CT and PET in the noninvasive assessment of thoracic NENs.
  • To integrate imaging, clinical, and pathological findings with case examples for improved diagnostic accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on pulmonary and mediastinal neuroendocrine neoplasms.
  • Analysis of imaging characteristics (CT, PET) for various thoracic NEN subtypes.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with clinical presentation and histopathology.

Main Results:

  • Thoracic NENs include carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas, thymic NENs, paragangliomas, and metastatic NENs.
  • Imaging features can be nonspecific, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • Association with genetic syndromes like multiple endocrine neoplasia and SDH deficiency is noted.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and staging of thoracic NENs rely heavily on integrated imaging, clinical, and pathological data.
  • Understanding the spectrum of thoracic NENs and their imaging manifestations is key for timely and confident diagnosis.
  • This review aims to enhance diagnostic capabilities for these rare and complex neoplasms.