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Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound-Assisted Scoliosis-Specific Exercise in Mild-Grade Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
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The correlation between trunk stabilizer muscles size using ultrasonography and craniovertebral angle changes.

Nahid Rahmani1, Fatemeh Binaei2, Amir Hossein Kahlaee1

  • 1Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Forward head posture is linked to trunk muscle size. Greater lumbar multifidus muscle thickness correlated with increased forward head posture changes after a sitting task.

Keywords:
CranialMuscle thicknessUltrasonographyVertebrae

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Posture
  • Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Background:

  • Forward head posture is a common postural deviation affecting the cervical and cranial regions.
  • The craniovertebral angle is a key metric for assessing forward head posture.
  • The influence of distant body regions on forward head posture remains an area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between trunk stabilizing muscle size and changes in the craniovertebral angle.
  • To explore potential links between core muscle morphology and forward head posture development.

Main Methods:

  • 66 participants engaged in a 30-minute video-watching postural task.
  • Craniovertebral angle changes were measured via lateral photography before and after the task.
  • Trunk muscle thickness (lumbar multifidus, obliques, transversus abdominis) was assessed using ultrasonography.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant correlation was found between changes in the craniovertebral angle and lumbar multifidus muscle thickness (p=0.038).
  • Increased lumbar multifidus thickness was associated with greater forward head posture shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Lumbar multifidus muscle thickness may play a role in the manifestation of forward head posture.
  • Individuals with thicker lumbar multifidus muscles exhibited more pronounced forward head posture changes.