Egg-Derived Bioactive Peptides Modulate LPS-Induced Acute Intestinal Immune Stress via the FPR2-Mitochondrial Axis

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Immunology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Egg-derived tripeptides IRW and IQW exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
• Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces acute intestinal immune stress, involving mitochondrial damage and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the mechanisms by which IRW and IQW modulate LPS-induced acute intestinal immune stress.
• To elucidate the role of the FPR2-mitochondrial axis in the peptides' effects.

Main Methods:

• Assessing intestinal and mitochondrial damage after LPS challenge.
• Measuring mitochondrial N-formyl peptides (mtNFPs) and FPR2 expression.
• Analyzing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and amino acid metabolism.

Main Results:

• IRW and IQW alleviated LPS-induced intestinal and mitochondrial damage.
• Peptides reduced mtNFPs release, suppressed FPR2 expression, and inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
• Metabolic analysis showed altered amino acid profiles (elevated aspartate/glutamine, decreased l-serine) favoring mitochondrial recovery.

Conclusions:

• IRW and IQW protect against LPS-induced intestinal immune stress.
• The protective effects are linked to the FPR2-mitochondrial axis and amino acid metabolism regulation.
• These findings highlight IRW and IQW as potential agents for managing intestinal inflammation.