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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
04:29

Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2019

Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile Predicts Functional Outcome After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain

Ori J Lieberman1,2,3, Sanhita Nittala1, Luisa Rojas-Valencia4

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Critical Care Explorations
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) are linked to better functional recovery. These findings suggest SCFAs could be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TBI.

Keywords:
microbiomeneurocritical careprognosticationshort-chain fatty acidstraumatic brain injury

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08:27

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut-derived immunometabolites with known effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • SCFAs modulate immune responses and serve as energy sources, influencing TBI severity in preclinical studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between plasma SCFA levels and functional outcomes in adult patients with moderate-to-severe TBI (msTBI).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study involving adult patients with msTBI at an urban trauma center.
  • Blood samples were collected within 3 hours of trauma, and SCFA levels (acetate, propionate) were analyzed.
  • Patient clusters based on SCFA levels were compared for functional outcomes at discharge and 6 months using statistical analyses, including multivariable logistic regression and the IMPACTlab model.

Main Results:

  • Plasma SCFA levels, particularly acetate and propionate, were significantly associated with improved functional outcomes at discharge and 6 months post-msTBI.
  • K-means clustering identified two patient groups with distinct outcomes despite similar injury severity; higher SCFA levels correlated with more favorable outcomes.
  • The SCFA cluster independently predicted functional outcomes and improved the predictive accuracy of the established IMPACTlab model for favorable outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • SCFA levels show a significant association with functional recovery in patients with msTBI.
  • These findings highlight the potential of SCFAs as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TBI.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SCFA's role in msTBI and the factors influencing interpatient variability.