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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Four methods for estimating hepatitis C incidence using extant testing data.

William J McFarlane1,2, Jennifer A Flemming1,2,3, Susan B Brogly2,4

  • 1Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Plos One
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estimating hepatitis C (HCV) incidence requires careful cohort and case definition. Different methods yield significantly varied results, impacting progress tracking for WHO HCV elimination goals.

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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
04:11

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Modeling

Background:

  • Accurate hepatitis C (HCV) incidence estimation is vital for achieving World Health Organization (WHO) elimination targets.
  • Current methods using HCV antibody (Ab) and RNA test data have poorly understood impacts of cohort specification and case definition on validity and generalizability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the influence of different cohort specifications and case definitions on HCV incidence estimation using administrative health data.
  • To compare four distinct methods for estimating HCV incidence in a large population-based cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 15.8 million Ontarians (aged 18-80) from 1999-2018 was constructed using linked ICES administrative health data.
  • Four HCV incidence estimation methods were employed: population-based, test-negative, RNA-based, and antibody-inclusive, utilizing Poisson regression where applicable.

Main Results:

  • HCV incidence estimates varied substantially by method, with RNA-based being lowest (approx. 30/100,000 PY) and test-negative highest (7.9-fold higher).
  • Population-based estimates were sensitive to changes in HCV case definitions over time.
  • The test-negative cohort's high prevalence of HIV and substance use disorder limited generalizability; RNA-based and antibody-inclusive methods had potential under- and overestimation issues, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Cohort and case definition significantly influence HCV incidence estimates derived from existing testing data.
  • These findings are crucial for accurately measuring progress toward WHO HCV elimination goals.