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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Male and Female Master Rowers Physiologically Resilient to Repeated Maximal Efforts?

Manoel J Rios1,2, Ricardo Cardoso2, Ana S Monteiro2

  • 1Piaget Research Center for Ecological Human Development, Higher School of Sport and Education, Jean Piaget Polytechnic Institute of the North, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Master rowers exhibit remarkable physiological resilience during repeated maximal rowing efforts. Female rowers demonstrated more stable cardiorespiratory and performance responses compared to males under cumulative stress.

Keywords:
blood lactateblood pressureoxygen uptakeperformance and recovery

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Master rowers represent a growing population of experienced athletes.
  • Understanding physiological responses to repeated maximal efforts is crucial for training and performance in master athletes.
  • Limited research exists on the integrated physiological resilience of master rowers under simulated regatta conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic, metabolic, and neuromuscular responses of master rowers during three consecutive maximal 1,000 m rowing efforts with short recovery periods.
  • To compare the physiological resilience between male and female master rowers under cumulative exercise stress.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-one experienced master rowers (15 males, 6 females) completed three maximal 1,000 m rowing trials separated by 45 minutes of passive recovery.
  • Physiological parameters including oxygen uptake (V̇O2), heart rate, blood pressure, blood lactate, and neuromuscular power were measured.
  • Analysis focused on changes in performance, cardiorespiratory function, metabolic markers, and neuromuscular output across trials.

Main Results:

  • While males showed a slight performance decline and increased oxygen uptake time constant, females maintained stable performance and cardiorespiratory function.
  • Peak oxygen uptake and heart rate remained consistent across trials for both sexes.
  • Blood lactate levels increased, and blood pressure showed transient elevations post-exercise, with neuromuscular performance largely maintained, except for a minor transient reduction in males.

Conclusions:

  • Master rowers demonstrate significant physiological resilience, maintaining aerobic and neuromuscular function despite cardiovascular and metabolic strain during repeated maximal efforts.
  • Female master rowers exhibited more stable physiological responses and performance compared to their male counterparts under these demanding conditions.
  • These findings highlight the adaptability of master athletes and inform training strategies for competition.